issues

This arose as part of https://github.com/pydata/xarray/pull/3352. Xarray has important-to-understand name-matching rules for whether or not a coordinate array is a dimension coordinate or a non-dimension coordinate. To my knowledge, this is not in the documentation anywhere.

This is what I had, but we decided to remove it since it was overly complicated for a list of key terms; maybe it'll be helpful going forward:

Name matching rules: Xarray follows simple but important-to-understand name matching rules for dimensions and coordinates. Let arr be an array with an existing dimension x and assigned new coordinates new_coords. If new_coords is a list-like for e.g. [1, 2, 3] then they must be assigned a name that matches an existing dimension. For example, if arr.assign_coords({'x': [1, 2, 3]}).

However, if new_coords is a one-dimensional DataArray, then the rules are slightly more complex. In this case, if both new_coords's name and only dimension match any dimension name in arr.dims, it is assigned as a dimension coordinate to arr. If new_coords's name matches a name in arr.dims but its own dimension name does not, it is assigned as a non-dimension coordinate with name new_coords.dims[0] to arr. Otherwise, an exception is raised.

Given that many Xarray methods accept dict or keyword arguments, this may effect other methods. That said, here is a minimal example with sel.

Minimal example

If I want to select based on a dimension named method, I cannot because Xarray thinks method is the method argument to sel:

```python

da1 = xr.DataArray(range(3), dims=['method'], coords={'method': range(3)}) da1 <xarray.DataArray (method: 3)> array([0, 1, 2]) Coordinates: * method (method) int64 0 1 2 da1.sel(method=0) ... TypeError: method must be a string ```

And if the method dimension has string labels, this fails silently:

```python

da2 = xr.DataArray(range(3), dims=['method'], coords={'method': list('abc')}) da2.sel(method='a') <xarray.DataArray (method: 3)> array([0, 1, 2]) Coordinates: * method (method) <U1 'a' 'b' 'c' ```

Expected Output

I think raising a ValueError and providing a clarifying error message is the right call, but maybe the maintainers have a different opinion. At the very least, it seems like Xarray could note that the DataArray instance has a dimension that matches one of the function arguments and ask the user to use dict-like arguments if required.

I imagine a general error handling function could be written to check this for any function and DataArray pair.