id,node_id,number,title,user,state,locked,assignee,milestone,comments,created_at,updated_at,closed_at,author_association,active_lock_reason,draft,pull_request,body,reactions,performed_via_github_app,state_reason,repo,type
1128282637,I_kwDOAMm_X85DQDoN,6255,Writing large (aligned) dask-chunks to small zarr chunks fails.,6574622,closed,0,,,0,2022-02-09T09:35:24Z,2022-02-09T15:12:31Z,2022-02-09T15:12:31Z,CONTRIBUTOR,,,,"### What happened?
I'm trying to write a dataset which is (dask-) chunked in large chunks into zarr which should be chunked in smaller chunks.
The dask chunks are intentionally chosen to be integer multiples of the zarr chunks, such that there will never be two dask chunks which may be written into a single zarr chunk.
When trying to write such a dataset using `to_zarr`, the following exception appears:
```
NotImplementedError: Final chunk of Zarr array must be the same size or smaller than the first. Specified Zarr chunk encoding['chunks']=(1,), for variable named 'a' but (2, 2) in the variable's Dask chunks ((2, 2),) are incompatible with this encoding. Consider either rechunking using `chunk()`, deleting or modifying `encoding['chunks']`, or specify `safe_chunks=False`.
```
### What did you expect to happen?
I'd expect the write to ""just work"".
### Minimal Complete Verifiable Example
```python
import xarray as xr
ds = xr.Dataset({""a"": (""x"", [1, 2, 3, 4])}).chunk({""x"": 2})
m = {}
ds.to_zarr(m, encoding={""a"": {""chunks"": (1,)}})
```
### Relevant log output
_No response_
### Anything else we need to know?
I believe that the expected behaviour is according to [this design choice](https://github.com/pydata/xarray/blob/d47cf0c850cb70429373782b3c1e0329d14fd05a/xarray/backends/zarr.py#L153):
```
# DESIGN CHOICE: do not allow multiple dask chunks on a single zarr chunk
# this avoids the need to get involved in zarr synchronization / locking
# From zarr docs:
# ""If each worker in a parallel computation is writing to a separate
# region of the array, and if region boundaries are perfectly aligned
# with chunk boundaries, then no synchronization is required.""
```
But I believe that [this if-statement](https://github.com/pydata/xarray/blob/d47cf0c850cb70429373782b3c1e0329d14fd05a/xarray/backends/zarr.py#L178) is not needed and should be removed.
The if-statement compares the size of the last dask-chunk within each dimenstion to the zarr-chunk size. There are three possible cases, which (as far as I understand) should all be just fine:
* the dask-chunk is smaller than the zarr chunk: one dask chunk will write into one (smaller, last) zarr chunk
* the dask-chunk is equal than the zarr chunk: one dask chunk will write into one zarr chunk
* ther dask-chunk is larger than the zarr chunk: one dask chunk will write into multiple zarr chunks. None of these zarr chunks will be touched by any other dask-chunk as [all previous dask chunks are aligned to zarr-chunk boundaries](https://github.com/pydata/xarray/blob/d47cf0c850cb70429373782b3c1e0329d14fd05a/xarray/backends/zarr.py#L165).
**Note:** If that if-statement goes away, [this one](https://github.com/pydata/xarray/blob/d47cf0c850cb70429373782b3c1e0329d14fd05a/xarray/backends/zarr.py#L163) may go away as well (was introduced in #4312).
### Environment
INSTALLED VERSIONS
```
commit: None
python: 3.9.10 (main, Jan 15 2022, 11:48:00)
[Clang 13.0.0 (clang-1300.0.29.3)]
python-bits: 64
OS: Darwin
OS-release: 20.5.0
machine: x86_64
processor: i386
byteorder: little
LC_ALL: None
LANG: de_DE.UTF-8
LOCALE: ('de_DE', 'UTF-8')
libhdf5: 1.12.0
libnetcdf: 4.7.4
xarray: 0.20.1
pandas: 1.2.0
numpy: 1.21.2
scipy: 1.6.2
netCDF4: 1.5.8
pydap: installed
h5netcdf: 0.11.0
h5py: 3.2.1
Nio: None
zarr: 2.10.2
cftime: 1.3.1
nc_time_axis: None
PseudoNetCDF: None
rasterio: None
cfgrib: None
iris: None
bottleneck: None
dask: 2021.11.1
distributed: 2021.11.1
matplotlib: 3.4.1
cartopy: 0.20.1
seaborn: 0.11.1
numbagg: None
fsspec: 2021.11.1
cupy: None
pint: 0.17
sparse: 0.13.0
setuptools: 60.5.0
pip: 21.3.1
conda: None
pytest: 6.2.2
IPython: 8.0.0.dev
sphinx: 3.5.0
```